In this study, the various combinations of low- and high-decomposition temperature initiators and dual promoters were used to cure an unsaturated polyester resin. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and acetyl acetone peroxide (AAP) solutions were used as low-temperature initiators. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and t-butyl perbenzoate (TBPB) were used as medium and high-temperature decomposition initiators, respectively. Gel time and pseudo-adiabatic exotherm measurements have been used to study the curing behaviour. It has been demonstrated that the low-temperature initiator decomposition does not interfer with the high-temperature initiator decomposition. It was found that the exotherm peak and cure rate have been affected by the decomposition rate of low-temperature initiator in different ways. It is shown in this study that for cobalt naphthenate and dimethyl aniline (DMA) dual promoter systems that, with the increasing of DMA concentration, namely high reactive promoter, exotherm parameters sharply change. It might be due to the more reactive nature of DMA in comparison with the cobalt naphthenate reactivity. Now we can say, a judicious choice of a dual initiator or a dual promoter can avoid short time exothermic reactions, so a dual system can be much more effective than a single one.

Correct attitude (Adab) in Sufism and mysticism is to be bound to limitations, and to follow sanctuary of sanctity not violating them. The one who intends to take his spiritual path to God, according to the great sufists and mystics, ought to follow some correct attitudes and rituals that are necessary for his spiritual progress.According to the verse "those who keep limits set by Allah", and the Prophet’s hadith "God gave me correct attitude, the best correct attitude" the Sufi believe that the correct attitudes of mystical progress have their root in the Quran and prophet Mohammad’s types of deeds. So they defined, classified, and observed those attitudes. In the sufi biographies and mystical writings one can find some conducts and behaviors that show how deeply they were devoted to observe correct attitudes on their mystical journey. The majority of works about mystical correct attitudes available to us today include different definitions and classifications. Kashf-al-Mahjoob (Unveiling the Veiled) by Hajveri, Manzel al Saerin (The Stages of the Wayfarer), Sad Maidan (The One Hundred Fields) by Khwaja ‘Abdullah Ansari, and Ibn ‘Arabi in Al-Futuhat al-makkiyya (The Meccan Openings) are among the forerunners of the Sufi who classified the correct attitudes. However, Ibn ‘Arabi gives heed to more details and delicate issues and classifies correct attitudes into two groups: spiritual state attitude (Adab hal) and spiritual station attitude (Adab Maqam). Then, he divides spiritual station attitude into four categories: correct attitude of the law (adab al-shari’a) correct attitude of service (adab al- khidma), correct attitude of right (adab al-haqq) and correct attitude of truth (adab al-haqiqat). In the same way, he distinguishes different kinds of spiritual station attitudes such as correct attitude of the law, correct attitude in time, correct attitude in place, correct attitude of condition, correct attitude of numbers, correct attitude of service, correct attitude of right, and correct attitude of truth.In this article, various meanings of correct attitude are examined, firstly, and then the Sufi or mystical correct attitude is explained.

A detailed study on the curing of Bisphenol A-based liquid epoxy resin such as Lapox B-13 (Viscosity 12000-16000 mpos) and Lapox B-11 (Viscosity 9000-12000mpos) with various amines like EDA (Ethylenediamine),DETA (Diethylenetriamine), TETA (Triethylenetetramine), AEP (Aminoethylpiperazine) and IPDA (Isophoronediamine) as curing agents have been carried out. The curing rates and the exotherm have been determined. The effect of various accelerators or modifiers on the curing rate is also worked out using salicylic acid, phenol and nonylphenol. The results obtained reveal that the curing rates are faster in the case of tertiary amines compared to secondary and primary amines. The high exotherm and the least curing time in the case of AEP can be attributed to the tertiary nitrogen group present and which can act as a catalyst for the curing process. It is also observed that a cyclic amine like Isophoronediamine which has only primary amine group takes a longer time for curing with a low isotherm. The data obtained with accelerators on the curing studies clearly indicate that they enhance the curing rate and the exotherm in all the cases. In majority of the cases the cured samples obtained were hard and polymeric transparent materials. The effect of mass of the sample on the curing rate and isotherm has also been observed. All the cured samples show good resistance to moisture absorption and show high chemical resistance.    

In this study a comprehensive set of pullout tests were conducted on geogrid. Apart from measuring the interface properties (i.e., the internal friction angle and dilatancy angle) between the geogrid and two soils, some interesting results concerning the mechanisms behind the behavior of reinforcement in pullout tests were obtained.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.